We know what’s coming and we are prepared.
🌍 The cost of leaching copper oxide ore in the Central African Copperbelt is about to get even more expensive.
In the past few days a number of Middle Eastern Oil refineries have been attacked / closed. In addition, exports through the Strait of Hormuz have ground to a halt.
What has this got to do with leaching copper in one of the world’s largest copper belts ? Sulphur, or more specifically sulphuric acid.
Approximately, 50% of seaborne sulphur is shipped through the Strait of Hormuz.
90% of sulphur imported into Africa is from the Middle East… and therefore passes through the Strait of Hormuz
The central African Copperbelt imports around 2 million tonnes of this sulphur per annum. The sulphur is used in local sulphur burners to convert into sulphuric acid, which is used by mining companies for leaching copper out of copper oxide ores. One part of sulphur makes 3 parts of liquid high-strength sulphuric acid. Therefore, 2.0 million tonnes of sulphur produces approximately 6.0 million tonnes of sulphuric acid.
The price of high-strength sulphuric in Kolwezi, on the western edge of the DRC Copperbelt, has been trading near all-time highs of $700-$800/tonne for the past 4-5 months, due to regional export restrictions, higher copper prices, as well as an already tight global sulphur market. This price will rise further.
I have heard that traders are already struggling to source any. Sulphuric acid prices will therefore significantly increase across Africa… and if the disruption lasts longer than ~3 weeks, copper oxide operations will have to close as they’ve run out of acid.
Oxide copper is the dominant ore source of copper produced in DRC… and the DRC is the world’s 2nd largest copper producer.
đź”— Robert Friedland
New fencing now being deployed in Australia. Wonder why people now need that?
BOMBSHELL: Census Bureau cross-referenced 128M voter records against citizenship data — over 24,000 noncitizens voted illegally in 2020. Trump: "The Census Bureau is going to analyze the next 32,000,000 Voters, and this number will explode." Pass the SAVE AMERICA ACT.
🔥🔥Hood County (Texas) Constable John D. Shirley unplugged and covered all of the county’s Flock Safety automated license plate reader cameras over the weekend.
An excerpt from his statement:
“Today is a good day for the Freedom of the people of Hood County.
I’ve finished the job of shutting down the county’s Flock cameras. They’ve been completely unplugged and covered. These cameras were constantly scanning and recording regular folks just going about their day. That kind of permanent, warrantless tracking doesn’t belong in a free society. By unplugging and covering them, we’re making it clear: privacy isn’t optional, and mass surveillance isn’t how we do things here.
…
To Flock Safety Systems: come get your garbage out of my county.”
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